In the modern era, the way humanity interacts with non-human animals has shifted from a matter of tradition to a matter of moral urgency. From the factory farms that produce our burgers to the laboratories that test our shampoos, the ethics of our dominion over other species are being scrutinized like never before.
For decades, the law treated animals as "things." But the Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness (2012), signed by leading neuroscientists, stated publicly that "non-human animals… including all mammals and birds, and many other creatures, possess the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states." In the modern era, the way humanity interacts
However, a massive source of confusion in this global conversation is the conflation of two distinct concepts: and animal rights . While these movements share common ground—a desire to reduce animal suffering—their goals, philosophies, and proposed endgames are radically different. While these movements share common ground—a desire to